➀ Researchers developed lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to deliver mRNA encoding the KRAS G12D neoantigen and cGAMP to reprogram the liver's immune environment and generate an antitumor response against metastatic pancreatic cancer.

➁ The LNPs successfully activated the type I interferon pathway, leading to the generation of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells capable of recognizing and attacking metastatic cancer cells.

➂ The study suggests that combining KRAS mRNA with a STING agonist strengthens the immune response against PDAC and offers a more effective approach than traditional immunotherapies.

➀ Ed reflects on the sources of €1trn and his strategy to secure a share of it;

➁ Ed discusses the possibility of the US raising €800 billion for 'ReArm Europe' and €200 billion for 'InvestAI';

➂ Ed's assignment to the EU as 'Digital Envoy' and his plan to spend on meals and indulgences to identify influential figures in the spending of the funds.

➀ A research team led by Professor Kyu-Young Park from POSTECH has developed technology to significantly increase the lifespan and energy density of electric vehicle (EV) batteries;

➁ The technology involves a 'nano-spring coating' technique that improves battery stability and performance;

➂ The research is published in ACS Nano and has the potential to revolutionize EV battery technology.

➀ A new type of miniaturized pumps and valves using ultra-thin silicon films is presented at the Hannover Messe, developed by researchers at Saarland University. These pumps and valves operate without air pressure, motors, and lubricants, and can be operated in clean rooms. The team demonstrates a prototype of a new vacuum pump that can draw a vacuum up to 300 millibars.

➁ The technology is cost-effective, lightweight, and energy-efficient compared to current methods, with a 400 times lower energy consumption compared to conventional air-driven valves.

➂ The researchers have developed a novel actuator and pump technology that can be used in various applications, including robotic grippers, speakers, smart textiles, and haptic feedback.

➀ The CHIPS and Science Act, aimed at strengthening U.S. semiconductor manufacturing, is under threat of repeal by the Trump administration.

➁ The Act has already attracted nearly $450 billion in private investment from leading companies, raising concerns about the impact of its repeal on the U.S. chip market.

➂ Political hurdles and legal obligations make the repeal process complex and challenging.

➀ A team from Saarland University's Faculty of Engineering and Medicine is developing smart implants at the university and university hospital to monitor and promote healing in body bone fractures.

➁ The robotic implants can stiffen and soften through shape-memory technology, allowing for permanent monitoring of fracture healing.

➂ The research team is miniaturizing the technology for use in market screws as part of an EU project.

➀ Samsung Electronics is releasing a 1Tbit 3D NAND flash memory with storage cell layers up to 400+ layers, achieving a memory density of 28.2Gbit/mm2 using TLC method.

➁ Kioxia and Western Digital's joint development team is reporting a 1Tbit 3D NAND flash memory with 332 layers, with a memory density of up to 29Gbit/mm2.

➂ SK Hynix has developed a 2Tbit 3D NAND flash memory with 321 layers, using QLC method multi-value storage.

➃ Samsung is currently developing the 9th generation 3D NAND with 286 layers and is working on 400-layer technology.

➅ Kioxia plans to mass-produce 3D NAND storage devices with over 1,000 layers by 2031.

➆ The journey towards 1,000-layer 3D NAND involves multiple improvements in manufacturing processes, including vertical, horizontal, and logical aspects.

➀ SK hynix reported record earnings, operating profits, and net income for 2024.

➁ The company attributes its success to increased sales of AI memory products, including HBM3 and HBM3E for the latest accelerators.

➂ SK hynix plans to increase HBM3E supply, develop HBM4, and transition to advanced processes for DDR5 and LPDDR5 production.

➀ SK Hynix unveils the latest HBM (HBM3E) 16-chip at CES 2025;

➁ SK Hynix's stock price surged by 6.25% due to positive expectations for NVIDIA;

➂ SK Hynix plans to release HBM3E 16-chip with expanded storage capacity of up to 48GB;

➃ Lee & Huang's meeting at CES is anticipated.

➀ SK Hynix has been granted a government subsidy of up to 3.3 billion USD by the US Department of Commerce.

➁ The subsidy is intended to help establish an advanced chip packaging factory and AI product development facilities in Indiana.

➂ The factory will also build an assembly line for mass production of next-generation high-bandwidth memory (HBM) chips, which will be equipped in graphics processing units (GPUs) for training AI systems.

➀ The semiconductor market is experiencing a mixed situation with some companies thriving and others struggling.

➁ ASML's stock price continues to fall due to challenges in the market and geopolitical uncertainties.

➂ BESI's revenue and orders have grown significantly, but the company is facing challenges in the mainstream and Chinese packaging equipment markets.

➃ Lam Research has reported strong financial results, driven by strong demand for advanced logic and DRAM in Asia.

➄ Teradyne's revenue increased due to robust performance in its semiconductor testing business.

➅ ASM International's order book exceeded analyst expectations, driven by strong demand for AI chip key technologies.

➆ KLA's revenue and earnings exceeded expectations, and the company is optimistic about the semiconductor market's growth in 2025.

➇ SK Hynix achieved record profits and sales due to strong sales of high-end AI memory products like HBM.

➈ TSMC's third-quarter profit increased significantly, driven by strong demand for AI chips.

➉ United Microelectronics Corporation reported better financial results compared to Force Microelectronics Inc.

➊ Infineon and Texas Instruments have different views on the automotive semiconductor market, with Infineon predicting a slowdown and Texas Instruments remaining optimistic.

➀ SK Hynix is scaling back its less profitable CMOS image sensor (CIS) and foundry businesses.

➁ The company has reduced R&D investment in CIS and cut production capacity by over half compared to last year.

➂ SK Hynix is reallocating resources to focus on high-margin HBM and AI memory.

➀ The Wuxi Industrial Group has become a shareholder of SK Hynix Wuxi Company;

➁ The registered capital of SK Hynix System IC (Wuxi) Co., Ltd. has been increased from 275 million US dollars to 385 million US dollars;

➂ SK Hynix System IC (Wuxi) Co., Ltd. was established in August 2018 and is engaged in the production, sales of integrated circuits, electronic components, and related technical services.