➀ An international research team led by Prof. Qing-Tai Zhao proposes that operating computer chips at cryogenic temperatures could reduce energy consumption by up to 80%, addressing the high energy demands of data centers and AI infrastructure;
➁ Cryogenic computing leverages the improved efficiency of transistors at low temperatures but faces challenges like material defects and quantum tunneling, requiring novel materials and architectures (e.g., gate-all-around nanowires, high-k dielectrics) to optimize CMOS technology;
➂ Applications span quantum computing, space exploration, and high-performance data centers, with TSMC actively developing chips tailored for cryogenic environments to enhance energy efficiency and integrate with quantum processors.