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April 24

  • Reducing Calculation Costs for Reliable AI Responses

    The ETH Zurich researchers have developed a method that makes AI answers more reliable over time. Their algorithm is highly selective in choosing data. Additionally, up to 40 times smaller AI models can achieve the same output performance as the best large AI models.

    ChatGPT and similar tools often amaze us with the accuracy of their answers, but also often lead to doubt. One of the big challenges of powerful AI response machines is that they serve us with perfect answers and obvious nonsense with the same ease. One of the major challenges is how the underlying large language models (LLMs) of AI deal with uncertainty. It has been very difficult until now to judge whether LLMs focused on text processing and generation generate their answers on a solid foundation of data or whether they are on uncertain ground.

    Researchers from the Institute for Machine Learning at the Department of Computer Science at ETH Zurich have now developed a method to specifically reduce the uncertainty of AI. 'Our algorithm can specifically enrich the general language model of AI with additional data from the relevant thematic area of the question. In combination with the specific question, we can then specifically retrieve those relationships from the depths of the model and from the enrichment data that are likely to generate a correct answer,' explains Jonas Hübotter from the Learning & Adaptive Systems Group, who developed the new method as part of his PhD studies.

    AIAI EthicsAI researchAlgorithmData ProcessingETH Zurichmachine learning

April 23

  • 3D-Herz-MRT: Diagnose Dangerous Rhythm Disturbances Without Heart Catheter

    ➀ A new diagnostic method, 3D-KM-KMRT, is being used to detect SCAI in patients after Fallot's correction without invasive catheter procedures.

    ➁ Dr. Sophia Klehs and her team are conducting a study to evaluate the frequency and formation of SCAI in around 500 patients.

    ➂ The research project has been awarded the Gerd Killian Project Funding of the German Heart Foundation with around 60,000 euros.

    GermanyHealthcareinnovation

April 22

April 17

  • A Pioneering Spectrometer for Hard X-rays at European XFEL

    Researchers at the European XFEL have developed a new Laue spectrometer for high photon energy X-ray measurements. This device, known as HELIOS, achieves high precision and signal strength, enabling the study of 4d transition metals and their applications in fields like photocatalysis and solar cells.

    X-ray
  • Development of a Sensitive Spectrometer for Hard X-ray Radiation

    Researchers at the European XFEL have developed a new measuring device for hard X-ray light, known as a Laue spectrometer. It can detect photon energies over 15 kiloelectronvolts with high precision and improved efficiency. This is important for the study of technologically significant materials, such as those capable of transporting electricity without loss or enhancing the efficiency of chemical processes.

    Traditional X-ray spectrometers operate in the Bragg geometry, where X-rays are bent by parallel atom planes, similar to mirrors reflecting visible light. However, at high energies, much of the hard X-ray light passes through the crystal unused, reducing the performance of conventional spectrometers. The new Laue spectrometer developed at the FXE experimental station at the European XFEL addresses this issue by working in the Laue geometry, where X-rays pass through the crystal and are bent by atomic layers perpendicular to the surface. This makes the new Laue analyzer more efficient at higher X-ray energies.

    The newly developed device, called the High Energy Laue X-ray Emission Spectrometer (HELIOS), is now available to all users at the European XFEL. It offers an extremely high precision of about 1.2 x 10^-4 at a photon energy of about 18.6 keV, reaching 4 to 22 times higher signal strength compared to conventional spectrometers. This allows the detection of particularly interesting electronic transitions in so-called 4d-transition metals, which are otherwise very difficult to measure.

    PhysicsX-raymaterial scienceresearch

April 16

April 15

  • IHP and Nagoya University, Japan, Jointly Develop Next-Generation Semiconductor Technologies

    ➀ IHP and Nagoya University have been collaborating on research in the fields of SiGe epitaxy, nanotechnology, and advanced semiconductor and optoelectronic devices.

    ➁ The partnership aims to develop new epitaxy techniques and optimize semiconductor interfaces for miniaturization of electronic devices.

    ➂ The collaboration includes academic exchanges and a visiting professorship to strengthen academic ties.

    NanotechnologyOptoelectronicssemiconductor
  • IHP and University of Nagoya, Japan, Collaborate on Next-Generation Semiconductor Technologies

    ➀ IHP, in collaboration with the University of Nagoya, is engaged in research on SiGe epitaxy, nanotechnology, and advanced semiconductor and optoelectronic devices.

    ➁ The partnership aims to optimize semiconductor interfaces through new epitaxial techniques and methods to enable the miniaturization of electronic devices.

    ➂ The research focuses on SiGe epitaxy processes, properties of silicon-germanium nanowires and nanoparticles for energy-efficient transistors and lasers, and luminescence properties of Si and Ge nanostructures.

    NanotechnologyOptoelectronicssemiconductor
  • IHP and the University of Nagoya, Japan, Collaboratively Develop Next-Generation Semiconductor Technologies

    The IHP - Leibniz-Institut für innovative Mikroelektronik has been closely collaborating with the University of Nagoya, Japan, for many years. The partnership involves research collaboration in the fields of Silicon-Germanium Epitaxy (SiGe), Nanotechnology, and advanced semiconductor and optoelectronic devices.

    The partners are developing new epitaxy techniques and methods to optimize semiconductor interfaces, enabling the miniaturization of electronic devices. One key element is the investigation of SiGe epitaxy processes using the IHP technology platform. The properties of Silicon-Germanium nanowires and nanoparticles are being studied for use in energy-efficient transistors and lasers on silicon. Other research topics include the luminescence properties of Si and Ge nanostructures and innovative solutions for sub-10nm technologies.

    Prof. Dr. Andreas Mai, Head of the Technology Department at IHP, says, 'We are very excited about this collaboration as it allows us to benefit from the unique resources and experiences of both parties. The future of microelectronics and silicon photonics is being advanced through such international partnerships.' Dr. Yuji Yamamoto, Project Leader at IHP, adds, 'Our research on SiGe nanostructure epitaxy enables the development of energy-efficient transistors and light sources that can revolutionize quantum electronics and optoelectronics.'

    NanotechnologyOptoelectronicssemiconductor
  • New TSN-MACsec IP Core for Secure Data Transmission in 5G/6G Communication Networks

    ➀ Fraunhofer IPMS and aconnic AG have developed a new TSN-MACsec IP core for secure data transmission in 5G/6G networks.

    ➁ The IP core combines the advantages of TSN and MACsec, enhancing data protection and reliability.

    ➂ The project, RealSec5G, aims to integrate cybersecurity and data security, meeting functional safety and data security requirements.

    5G6GFraunhofer IPMSIP CoreNetworkingdata transmissionsecurity
  • New TSN-MACsec IP-Core for Secure Data Transmission in 5G/6G Communication Networks

    ➀ The Fraunhofer IPMS has developed a new TSN-MACsec IP-Core in collaboration with aconnic AG for secure data transmission in 5G/6G networks.

    ➁ The project 'RealSec5G' aims to integrate cybersecurity and data security into a cost-effective and easy-to-integrate system.

    ➂ The developed system combines TSN functionality with Linespeed encryption to ensure real-time capability and redundancy.

    5G6GNetworkingcybersecuritydata transmissionsecurity

April 11

April 10

April 9

April 8

  • Non-Invasive Blood Sugar Measurement with THz Technology: Precise and Pain-Free at Duisburg-Essen University

    ➀ Researchers at Duisburg-Essen University have developed a new method for measuring blood sugar levels at the fingernail without a needle. The technology uses Terahertz waves that penetrate the fingernail and reflect off the nail bed.

    ➁ The Terahertz technology is based on electromagnetic waves with a wavelength between microwave and infrared radiation, allowing for detailed analysis of biological tissues without damaging them.

    ➂ The sensor, which is only a few mm2 in size, could be integrated into everyday items like keychains or artificial fingernails.

    Diabetes ManagementSensor DevelopmentTerahertz TechnologyUniversity Research
  • Frischer Wind für die lokale Energiewende

    ➀ The Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences (Frankfurt UAS) is participating in the European project '4A4PEDs' to promote the energy transition in local communities.

    ➁ The project, funded under the EU Partnership Driving Urban Transitions (DUT), aims to develop innovative solutions for local energy systems.

    ➂ The project focuses on four central principles: availability, accessibility, affordability, and the alliance of all relevant stakeholders.

    Collaborationenergy systemsrenewable energy
  • Laser Welding Brought to Quantum Technology: Reliable Fiber-PIC Connections

    The Fraunhofer IZM researchers have developed a laser welding process for connecting PICs with optical fibers without adhesives, which can operate at cryogenic temperatures. This technology promises more reliable, faster, and cheaper fiber-PIC connections, revolutionizing quantum technology applications.

    Low temperatures are essential for observing quantum effects, which can significantly impact quality of life. The QWeld project focuses on cryogenic quantum computing systems and the integration of PIC-based modules for secure communication and connections in quantum computing.

    The technology is durable, reproducible, and can be automated, making it suitable for large-scale production of PICs for quantum systems.

    AutomationLaser WeldingPhotonicsQuantum Technology
  • Reliable Fiber-PIC Connections for Quantum Technology Thanks to Advanced Laser Welding Process

    The researchers at Fraunhofer IZM have developed a glue-free laser welding process for coupling photonic integrated circuits (PICs) with optical fibers, which can also be used in cryogenic environments of up to four Kelvin, equivalent to -269.15°C. This technology offers a more reliable, faster, and cheaper fiber-PIC coupling through a direct quartz-quartz connection, revolutionizing applications in quantum technology.

    Low-temperature environments are essential for observing quantum effects, which can greatly improve human quality of life, such as in big data processing for personalized medicine and hospital information management. The development of cryogenic systems for quantum computing is currently being actively promoted. Quantum technological systems with implemented PIC-based modules offer a compact solution for secure communication and networking in quantum computing. Reliable fiber optic connections are, however, a fundamental requirement for such photonic quantum systems.

    The focus of the QWeld research project is on realizing this connection technology for applications in cryogenic environments. Standard CMOS-manufactured PICs with a silicon dioxide (SiO2) coating are used, which is necessary for glass-glass laser welding. A vertical coupling of the fiber with the PIC, typically with a specific angle, is a special feature. The laser meets the contact point between the PIC and the fiber on both sides during welding and creates a material-bonding connection within seconds. This manufacturing process offers significant time savings.

    Laser WeldingPhotonicsQuantum ComputingResearch projectsSensor Technology
  • Night Sky Glow Stimulates Cyanobacteria Growth and Matter Cycling in Lakes

    The study by the Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) shows that light pollution, known as skyglow, promotes the growth of cyanobacteria and stimulates matter cycling in lakes. The research used a unique lake laboratory in Stechlinsee, where 24 experimental cylinders were used to study the effects of light pollution on the water ecosystem. The results indicate that low light intensities, such as typical skyglow, can significantly increase the abundance of cyanobacteria and stimulate the carbon cycle in the lake.

    Biologyresearch
  • What Innovational Potential Does the Use of Graphene in Lithium-Ion Batteries Offer?

    The use of graphene in lithium-ion batteries has shown promising potential to significantly improve battery performance. Although technological advancements have been made, the widespread application of graphene-based battery components remains challenging. The article 'Graphene Roadmap Briefs No. 4' published in the journal 2D-Materials highlights the central trends since 2017 and future prospects for the commercialization of graphene in battery technology.

    Graphene, due to its unique electronic, mechanical, and chemical properties, is considered a promising material for the further development of lithium-ion batteries (LIB). The publication 'Graphene Roadmap Briefs (No. 4): innovation prospects for Li-ion batteries' summarizes the key progress and challenges in the development and commercialization of graphene-based lithium-ion batteries, focusing on graphene-based silicon anodes.

    Graphene can improve the energy density of batteries, offer advantages in fast-charging capabilities, and enhance the stability and lifespan of batteries through its integration into silicon anodes. However, the stability of silicon anodes currently does not match that of conventional graphite anodes. The cost-effective production methods for graphene-based batteries are still lacking, and the prices of graphene and related materials have remained unexpectedly high in the past.

    Battery TechnologyLithium-Ion Batteriesgrapheneinnovationmaterial scienceresearch

April 7

  • Internationalization of the Ernst-Abbe-Hochschule Jena – New Perspectives for Students in the SpEEED Project

    The Ernst-Abbe-Hochschule Jena (EAH Jena) is strengthening its international ties and actively responding to global challenges. With the DAAD-funded project 'Space, Bioprocess and Environmental Engineering, Sustainable Economy and Development' (SpEEED), the university is intensifying cooperation with partner universities in South America and Southeast Asia. The project, which runs from January 2025 to the end of 2027, focuses on developing innovative solutions for urgent issues such as climate change and increasing resource consumption.

    Global cooperation for sustainable solutions: 'The major problems of our time can only be overcome through international dialogue and cooperation. SpEEED opens up new opportunities for our students to gain international experience and develop practical solutions for global issues,' explains Prof. Dr. Alexander Richter, Professor of Electrical Measurement Technology and Optoelectronics and project contact at EAH Jena.

    Student benefits: More than 40 percent of EAH Jena students benefit directly from the measures within the SpEEED project. Especially students from the fields of business administration, electrical engineering and information technology, medical technology and biotechnology, and business engineering can apply for funding for international exchange programs.

    Climate ChangeHigher EducationInternationalizationeducationinnovationresource managementsustainabilitytechnology