➀ In 2025, 45% of ICE cars and 39% of EVs in China were priced under $25,000, with high-end models ($50k+) showing similar price parity;
➁ Europe and the U.S. had minimal affordable EV options (3% under $25k in Europe, none in the U.S.), while Chinese EVs accounted for 8% of EU production;
➂ Strict U.S. laws effectively barred Chinese EV imports and domestic manufacturing.