<p>➀ The article introduces the TIDA-01344 reference design from Texas Instruments, a 24-W front-end power supply for 48-V automotive batteries.</p><p>➁ It supports a wide input range of 10 to 80 V DC and can handle transients up to 100 V, meeting the requirements of the LV148 automotive standard.</p><p>➂ The design eliminates the need for an optocoupler by using primary-side regulation, improving reliability and enabling a more compact PCB layout.</p>