➀ The Post Office announced plans to start experimental satellite communication tests next year, as part of a White Paper by Mr. J. R. Bevins. ➁ The satellites will be launched by NASA in America, with a ground station provided by the Post Office in the UK. ➂ Research on special transmitters, receivers, and large steerable antennas is well advanced.

➀ The James Webb Space Telescope observed Ariel, one of Uranus' moons, and found evidence suggesting it may have an underground liquid ocean. ➁ Carbon dioxide ice was detected on Ariel's surface, which is unexpected due to Uranus' distance from the sun. ➂ The presence of carbon dioxide ice and carbonates on Ariel's surface suggests geological activity and possible interaction with an underground ocean.

1. Researchers from the Mars InSight Lander suggest that Mars' crust likely contains liquid water, which could be crucial for future habitability and life search. 2. The study, led by Vashan Wright, used data collected by InSight to model the presence of water beneath Mars' surface. 3. The findings open possibilities for understanding Mars' climate history and potential for life, though drilling deep on Mars remains a significant challenge.

1. NASA's DART mission provided insights into the origin and formation of the binary asteroid system. 2. The mission helped characterize the asteroids' origin and evolution, and constrain their physical characteristics. 3. The findings enhance understanding of near-Earth objects and the history of the Solar System.

1. The James Webb Space Telescope has captured detailed images of deep space, including the Carina Nebula and the Crab Nebula. 2. Webb's infrared capabilities have revealed hidden stellar nurseries and early stages of star formation. 3. The telescope has also provided insights into the Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex, showcasing young stars and their environments.

1. NASA's Juno spacecraft captured a stunning image of Jupiter's chaotic clouds and cyclonic storms during its 61st flyby. 2. The image, enhanced by citizen scientist Gary Eason, highlights turbulent patterns and quickly evolving cloud structures. 3. Juno continues to provide valuable data about Jupiter and its moons, inviting public participation in its citizen scientist project.

1. NASA's Mars Curiosity rover discovered elemental sulfur in a field of rocks at Gediz Vallis, surprising scientists; 2. The rover was exploring the area to find evidence of an ancient river and potential microbial life; 3. This discovery adds to the excitement of planetary exploration as it reveals unexpected findings on Mars.

❶ NASA's Europa Clipper satellite faces risk due to transistors' vulnerability to space radiation; ❷ Repair may involve heating the electronics vault to 'bake' the MOSFETs; ❸ Infineon Technologies supplied the affected MOSFETs, which were found to have higher-than-expected failure levels due to a manufacturing change.

1. Researchers from Cornell University have developed a Dune-inspired spacesuit design that recycles astronaut urine into drinking water. 2. The system includes a vacuum-based external catheter and an osmosis unit to provide a continuous supply of potable water. 3. The prototype aims to address comfort issues and water scarcity for astronauts during long space missions.

1. Hubble Telescope has provided new evidence for the existence of an intermediate black hole in Omega Centauri; 2. The discovery of fast-moving stars suggests a massive object, likely a black hole, is pulling them; 3. This finding could help unravel the mysteries of black hole evolution.

1. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory tracked two near-Earth asteroids, one with a moonlet. 2. Asteroid 2011 UL21, nearly a mile wide, was discovered to have a moonlet orbiting it. 3. Radar observations provided valuable data on asteroid sizes, orbits, and interactions with Earth's gravity.

1. Astrobotic has created a Lunar Surface Proving Ground (LSPG) in Mojave, California, for spacecraft and rover testing. 2. The 100mx100m test field mimics the Moon's topography and optical properties. 3. The site will host NASA's TechRise Student Challenge and the TechLeap Prize's Nighttime Precision Landing Challenge.

1. Scientists propose a new theory that lunar swirls are caused by underground lava and magnetized rocks; 2. The study involves new modeling and spacecraft data, indicating magnetized rocks in swirls deflect solar wind particles; 3. The theory suggests that underground lava cooling in a magnetic field creates magnetic anomalies, potentially explaining the magnetization of lunar rocks.

1. NASA's Webb Space Telescope captured an image of a cosmic firework display centered around a protostar named L1527. 2. The image, taken with the Mid-Infrared Camera (MIRI), shows organic compounds and energized gases surrounding the protostar. 3. The protostar, about 100,000 years old, is consuming gas and dust from its parent molecular cloud, creating a bright hourglass structure.

1. The ISS National Lab announces funding opportunities up to $750,000 for projects with commercial applications. 2. The funding covers various technology areas such as chemical synthesis, translational medicine, and in-space manufacturing. 3. Interested parties must submit a concept summary by July 12, 2024, with full proposals due by October 2, 2024.