➀ NASA has been exploring the challenges of radiation in space; ➁ The agency acknowledges that more information is needed before discussing manned space flights beyond low Earth orbit; ➂ NASA is working on new launching vehicles to address these challenges.

➀ The European Space Agency (ESA) and the Japanese Space Agency (JAXA) have committed to a deeper working relationship, focusing on exploring asteroids, the Moon, and Mars. They have signed a joint statement outlining five aspects of their collaboration, including accelerating studies for the ESA's Ramses mission to Apophis, contributing to the Gateway programme for a lunar space station, and working together on lunar exploration, including the Artemis programme. ➁ They plan to advance discussions on a potential collaborative Mars mission and continue working together in space science, including high-energy astrophysics and studying the plasma around Earth. ➂ The agencies have a history of collaboration, such as the BepiColumbo mission to Mercury and the EarthCARE mission to study Earth's climate.

➀ The article discusses the book 'A City on Mars', which has won the Royal Society Trivedi Science Book Prize. ➁ The book explores the themes of whether we can settle in space, whether we should, and whether we have genuinely considered these possibilities. ➂ The article encourages readers to register or login to read the feature article in full.

➀ Space Forge has signed an MOU with Voyager Space to support in-space research and manufacturing. The collaboration aims to integrate Space Forge's ForgeStar platform with Voyager's orbital capabilities for commercial applications. ➁ The ForgeStar platform is designed for reusable satellite operations in microgravity, supported by ESA and NATO. ➂ Voyager Space, with its commercial space station infrastructure, is working on projects funded by NASA, targeting new frontiers in bio-medicine and material science.

➀ A consortium has completed an initial European Space Agency (ESA) RocketRoll project on nuclear electric propulsion for space exploration. ➁ The project aims to harness the potential of nuclear electric propulsion (NEP) for space missions, including a space tug for distant expeditions. ➂ The candidate NEP design is expected to become a European demonstrator by 2035, aiming to explore beyond Mars orbit where solar power is limited.

➀ The Goonhilly Earth Station receives £2 million from the UK Space Agency to enhance its deep space communication capabilities; ➁ The funding is aimed at supporting more missions and expanding the station's capacity; ➂ The station plays a crucial role in international space missions and lunar exploration.

1. SpaceX is building a second launch pad in Texas to facilitate more frequent launches of its Starship spacecraft; 2. The construction of the second launch pad is underway, but more work is needed before the Starship can launch from it; 3. The Starship has completed four test flights, with the fifth currently in preparation and awaiting approval from the FAA.

➀ Canadian researchers are developing miniaturized optical chips to process starlight, aiming to democratize space-based astronomy. ➁ Photonic Integrated Circuits (PICs), which use light for information processing, are being adapted for astronomical use. ➂ CubeSats, low-cost and small satellites, are utilized to deploy these compact instruments, significantly reducing mission costs compared to traditional space telescopes.

➀ Researchers at the National Research Council of Canada are developing a method to process starlight on miniaturized optical chips to lower the cost of space-based astronomy. ➁ The Photonic Integrated Circuit (PIC) technology, which uses light instead of electricity, is being explored for astronomical applications. ➂ CubeSats, small and standardized satellites, are being used to deploy these compact instruments economically, with mission costs significantly lower than traditional space telescopes.

➀ Ed, a serial CEO, reflects on his past investments in AI and looks for new opportunities, focusing on asteroid mining. ➁ He plans to set up an asteroid mining fund, leveraging the 2015 US Commercial Space Launch Competitiveness Act which allows companies to extract minerals from asteroids for profit. ➂ The fund aims to sell shares based on the potential value of mined materials from specific asteroids, capitalizing on public interest and the perceived value of such minerals.

1. A team from the University of Würzburg is developing a AI-based attitude controller for satellites. 2. The technology uses Deep Reinforcement Learning and is tested directly in space. 3. This innovation could significantly shorten the development time of satellite control systems and advance aerospace technology.

1. Panasonic is supporting a development program by ETH Zurich students to create a robot for asteroid exploration. 2. The robot, named SpaceHopper, features a three-legged design to navigate the low-gravity conditions of asteroids using controlled leaps. 3. Panasonic's contribution includes providing optimal battery solutions for the robot's tests in low gravity environments.