➀ NASA's Curiosity rover is heading to the Boxwork area on Mars, a feature resembling spiderwebs first observed by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter in 2006. ➁ The Boxwork is believed to have formed from minerals settling in fractures on the Martian surface. ➂ This area is of interest due to its potential to host early Earth-like environments and its unique formation process.

➀ NASA's Voyager 2 spacecraft, which flew by Uranus in 1986, provided data that has puzzled scientists for decades; ➁ New research suggests that the unusual conditions observed by Voyager 2 were due to a cosmic coincidence involving space weather; ➂ The findings may indicate that the five major moons of Uranus are geologically active.

➀ The European Space Agency's Hera spacecraft is en route to the asteroid impacted by NASA's DART mission in 2022. The probe is part of a mission to study the 'kinetic impact' technique for asteroid deflection. ➁ Hera will conduct detailed surveys of the asteroid Dimorphos and perform deep-space technology experiments. ➂ The spacecraft is expected to arrive at the binary asteroid in autumn 2026, providing valuable data for planetary defense.

➀ NASA's SSPICY mission aims to enable commercial inspection of defunct satellites in low Earth orbit; ➁ The mission is part of NASA's Space Sustainability Strategy; ➂ The Otter spacecraft will inspect and service or deorbit other satellites, using electric propulsion for efficient travel.

➀ Boeing's Starliner spacecraft successfully returned to Earth over the weekend, but with some additional issues found, including a failed thruster during decent. ➁ The issues with Starliner began before its launch in June, with helium leaks and thruster performance issues identified. ➂ NASA decided to keep astronauts on board the ISS and return Starliner uncrewed, emphasizing safety as the core value. The spacecraft landed successfully, but the thruster failure and temporary blackout of the guidance system were noted.

1. India's Chandrayaan lunar probe supports the Lunar Magma Ocean theory, suggesting the Moon had a global magma ocean 4.5 billion years ago. 2. Chemical analysis from Chandrayaan-3's landing site aligns with Apollo and Luna mission samples, indicating the Moon was molten for millions of years. 3. Evidence of a large meteorite impact 4 billion years ago and detection of magnesium support the theory of a deep lunar excavation.