➀ This study explores a novel method to enhance the β-phase content in polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composites by in situ growth of silver(I) fluoride (AgF) and silver oxide (Ag2O) nanoparticles.;

➁ The goal is to improve the electrical performance of composite films for piezoelectric nanogenerators in energy-harvesting applications.

➂ The method significantly increases β-phase content and improves dielectric and piezoelectric properties.