➀ The article discusses the energy consumption of train heating, cooling, and battery management systems. ➁ It highlights the efficiency of the DB-Baureihe 490, which uses a heat pump and waste heat recovery. ➂ The study suggests that integrated thermal management can improve the efficiency and range of battery-electric and hydrogen fuel cell trains.

1. Tarco Power introduces the TEP 150UIR and TEP 200UIR series of railway-certified DC/DC converters. 2. These converters feature a compact design, ultra-wide input voltage range, and advanced protective features. 3. They are certified for various industrial and railway applications, ensuring high reliability and durability.