➀ Effective dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is crucial for their performance in energy storage and polymer composites, as agglomeration limits conductivity and mechanical benefits;

➁ Technical challenges include optimizing dispersion methods, balancing multifunctional properties, and integrating CNTs into industrial processes like battery slurries and composite materials;

➂ Commercial strategies focus on outsourcing dispersion to specialists (e.g., Toyocolor, NanoRial) or vertical integration by CNT suppliers (e.g., LG Chem, Cnano) to capture downstream value.