<p>➀ Researchers developed vapor-deposited tin-halide perovskite thin-film transistors (TFTs) using PbCl₂ to enhance performance and stability;</p><p>➁ The TFTs achieved high hole mobility (33.8 cm²/V·s) and on/off current ratios (~10⁸), outperforming solution-based methods and commercial IGZO transistors;</p><p>➂ This scalable process holds potential for low-cost, large-area electronics and energy-efficient OLED displays, with future focus on materials optimization and 3D integration.</p>