<p>➀ Researchers developed probabilistic computing using voltage-controlled magnetic tunnel junctions (V-MTJs) to generate random bits for solving complex computational problems;</p><p>➁ The system combines digital CMOS circuitry with V-MTJs, enabling efficient solutions for optimization and integer factorization tasks that challenge traditional computers;</p><p>➂ The design operates digitally, eliminates analog converters, and is compatible with standard CMOS processes, paving the way for scalable probabilistic computers.</p>