<p>➀ Fraunhofer ISE developed a standardized test procedure for grid-forming inverters in collaboration with German transmission system operators to assess their role in stabilizing power grids during renewable energy integration;</p><p>➁ The tests evaluated seven manufacturers' inverters (ranging from kW to MW scale), revealing significant behavioral variations under simulated grid stress scenarios and providing optimization insights;</p><p>➂ Project outcomes informed European standardization efforts, including the VDE FNN guidelines, and support future certification for grid-forming technologies ahead of 2026 market incentives.</p>