➀ Researchers have developed an omniphobic membrane inspired by the surface structures of springtails, enhancing water purification efficiency. ➁ The membrane features nano-sized, concave-shaped structures and a lipid layer to mimic the natural water-repellent properties of springtails. ➂ The membrane demonstrated high hydrophobicity and stability, showing potential for membrane distillation applications.

1. Carbon-based nanocomposite membranes are being developed to enhance membrane distillation efficiency, particularly for desalination and wastewater treatment. 2. These membranes, incorporating materials like carbon nanotubes and graphene, show improved mechanical strength, thermal conductivity, and hydrophobicity. 3. Challenges include stability under operational conditions and the need for better understanding of transport mechanisms in membrane distillation.