➀ India's electronics sector faces a critical transition from assembly-led manufacturing to design-led innovation, driven by strategic policies like PLI and DLI but hampered by talent gaps and slow industry-academia collaboration;

➁ Government initiatives (e.g., $7.5 billion chip fab proposals, ISM mission) aim to boost semiconductor production and R&D, yet indigenous IP creation lags despite global supply chain realignment;

➂ Education reforms and ecosystem-building are imperative to transform engineers from task executors to innovators, fostering homegrown brands and reducing reliance on imported components.