<p>➀ European XFEL has installed a next-generation electron source (GUN5.2), developed and tested at DESY and PITZ, to enhance accelerator stability and efficiency for advanced scientific research;</p><p>➁ The upgraded source uses photoelectric-effect-driven electron acceleration and optimized copper cavities to maintain high charge density, critical for intense X-ray laser performance;</p><p>➂ The improvement increases X-ray pulse output from 27,000 to 36,000 per second, enabling faster data collection and parallel experiments, with full operational integration targeted by late 2025.</p>