<p>➀ Researchers are developing nuclear batteries that could last for decades or even millennia without recharging, offering a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries.</p><p>➁ The technology uses carbon-14, a radioactive isotope of carbon, which emits beta particles that can be safely shielded with thin materials.</p><p>➂ By enhancing the energy conversion efficiency through a titanium dioxide-based semiconductor sensitized with a ruthenium-based dye, the researchers achieved a significant increase in efficiency from 0.48% to 2.86%.</p>