<p>➀ Researchers at Penn State have developed a novel solid-state electrolyte (SSE) using cold sintering, which enables safer and higher performance solid-state batteries.</p><p>➁ The newly developed ceramic-polymer composite SSE combines the stability of ceramic LATP with the conductivity of poly-ionic liquid gel (PILG), reducing ion transport obstacles.</p><p>➂ This breakthrough could transform energy storage across various industries, including smartphones and electric vehicles, with potential further applications in semiconductor manufacturing and ceramics processing.</p>