<p>➀ Kioxia, a renowned NAND flash giant, has determined its IPO price and listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange on December 18th, with an IPO price of 1455 yen per share and a company valuation of 7840 billion yen.</p><p>➁ Kioxia, originally a semiconductor storage division of Toshiba, was forced to be split and sold in 2018 due to debt. The transaction sparked fierce competition, and a consortium led by Bain Capital outbid a group led by Western Digital at the last moment with a bid of 182 billion US dollars.</p><p>➂ However, it now appears that Kioxia will become one of the most painful failures in private equity in Japan. The acquisition price in 2018 was 2 trillion yen, and the valuation at the time of listing has shrunk by 61%.</p>