<p>➀ The MEGA project, a 1983 collaboration between Philips and Siemens, aimed to advance Europe's semiconductor industry by developing a Megabit DRAM to compete with US and Japanese rivals.</p><p>➁ Jurgen Knorr of Siemens emphasized the necessity of mass production and cost-effectiveness for competitiveness, highlighting Europe's historical lag in adopting standardized, high-volume manufacturing strategies.</p><p>➂ The article critiques Europe's neglect of these principles, leading to challenges from Chinese semiconductor firms offering mature, cost-effective technologies.</p>