<p>➀ Researchers developed a switched-capacitor-based nine-level inverter achieving 96.5% efficiency, eliminating magnetic components and simplifying system design; </p><p>➀ The design uses capacitors and optimized switching to generate nine voltage levels with balanced voltages and low device stress; </p><p>➂ Applicable for solar, EV charging, and grid-compatible AC conversion with scalable configurations.</p>