<p>➀ NVIDIA unveiled its co-packaged silicon photonics switches and Spectrum-X Ethernet technology at Hot Chips 2025, targeting gigawatt-scale data center networks for AI workloads; </p><p>➁ Spectrum-X reduces network jitter and improves NCCL performance, enabling efficient multi-tenant AI training with 1.9x better scale-out performance compared to traditional Ethernet; </p><p>➂ The Spectrum-XGS "scale-across" solution extends AI training across multiple data centers through distance-aware algorithms, with CoreWeave likely being the first deployment partner.</p>