<p>➀ A former ASML employee with a Russian background was detained by the Dutch government for allegedly stealing chip-making manuals and other files from ASML and Mapper Lithography, sparking concerns from all sides;</p><p>➁ Mapper, a firm specializing in electron-beam lithography, was acquired by ASML in 2019, leading to a power struggle among the US, the Netherlands, China, and Russia;</p><p>➂ Mapper's technology, with high resolution and low cost, was considered a competitor to EUV lithography machines, but failed to gain widespread adoption due to its slow speed and low efficiency;</p><p>➃ Mapper received investment from RUSNANO, a Russian investment fund, which helped establish a factory in Moscow to produce necessary parts, but later faced financial difficulties and sought Chinese partners;</p><p>➄ The US Department of Defense was interested in Mapper's technology but failed to secure a deal, leading to Mapper's bankruptcy and ASML's acquisition;</p><p>➅ ASML acquired Mapper's technology and patents, but closed its electron-beam lithography product line, while Mapper's Russian factory was acquired by RUSNANO and continues to operate;</p><p>➆ Russia and China are continuing to develop their own electron-beam lithography technologies to meet their semiconductor manufacturing needs.</p>