➀ HBM4 is set to double the channel width of HBM3E, significantly enhancing data transfer speeds and performance. ➁ SK Hynix and Samsung are in a fierce race to be the first to mass-produce HBM4, with both aiming to supply Nvidia's AI chips. ➂ The integration of memory and logic semiconductors in a single package remains a significant challenge for HBM4 development.