<p>➀ PCI-SIG released PCIe 7.0 specifications, delivering 128 GT/s raw bit rate and up to 512GB/s bidirectional bandwidth in x16 slots using PAM4 signaling and flit-based encoding;</p><p>➁ A new optical PCIe interconnect solution (PCIe 6.4/7.0) was introduced, enabling extended reach and multiplexing for applications like NVMe storage pools and CXL memory shelves in hyperscale AI data centers;</p><p>➂ PCIe Gen8 development is already underway, with adoption expected to accelerate in high-performance computing and AI-driven infrastructure.</p>