<p>➀ The article discusses how 3D NAND flash memory is becoming essential for meeting the increasing data storage needs driven by AI. It highlights the shift from 2D to 3D NAND structures, which allow higher storage density through vertical stacking.</p><p>➁ Key players like Samsung, Western Digital, and SK Hynix are mentioned as leaders in 3D NAND technology. The article also explores innovations in cryogenic etching technology, which enhances etching capabilities and addresses scaling challenges.</p><p>➂ The global NAND flash memory market is expected to grow significantly, reaching $83 billion by 2036. Lam Research is noted as a market leader in 3D NAND dielectric etching, with advancements like the Lam Cryo™ 3.0 enabling more efficient and precise etching processes.</p>