<p>➀ Hahn-Schickard's FeMEA project develops ferroelectic microelectrode arrays using CMOS chips with ferroelectric materials, aiming to enhance bioelectronic interfaces; </p><p>➁ The project received €1.95 million over five years from the German Federal Ministry and addresses challenges in stimulation efficiency and long-term stability for biomedical applications; </p><p>➂ Achievements include a patented CMOS-based prototype with over 5,000 electrodes per mm², enabling precise cell stimulation and recording while suppressing harmful electrochemical effects.</p>