➀ Small fabs and packaging lines serve lower volumes, specialized technology, and prototyping. ➁ Many industries require services that big foundries and OSATs may not provide, keeping smaller manufacturers viable. ➂ Specialized processing and specialized fabs cater to unique technologies like photonics and MEMS. ➃ Packaging is experiencing more new configurations, with specialized devices co-packaging multiple chiplets and other elements. ➄ Low-volume wafer production is handled through new-product introductions and products that will never ship in high volumes.