➀ Tanaka claims to have developed the world's first bulk platinum with controlled crystal grain size in the nano scale; ➁ This new technology enables the development of pure platinum with 99.9% or higher purity, offering 10 times the hardness and 4 times the strength of typical platinum materials; ➂ The developed platinum has unique properties due to its high density of small-angle grain boundaries, large-angle grain boundaries, dislocations, and other lattice defects, which may lead to its application in various industries.