➀ The global shift towards electric vehicles is driven by advancements in battery technology and decreasing costs. However, regional differences, like India's two- and three-wheeler landscape, present unique challenges. ➁ Lithium batteries face geopolitical challenges due to mineral distribution and dependence on key resources. ➂ Innovations in battery chemistry, such as sodium-ion and solid-state batteries, are shaping the future of energy storage and electric vehicles.