<p>① Satellite communications play a critical role in global connectivity but face growing cybersecurity threats, exemplified by incidents like the 2019 GPS disruption in Scandinavia;</p><p>② Emerging 5G non-terrestrial networks (NTN) introduce unique security challenges, requiring quantum-resistant encryption and beam-hopping techniques to prevent interception;</p><p>③ Legacy systems like DVB-S2 have evolved with enhanced encryption and real-time monitoring to address vulnerabilities, underscoring the need for continuous security innovation in satellite infrastructure.</p>