<p>➀ MIT engineers developed a new palladium membrane design using palladium plugs embedded in porous support material to enable high-temperature hydrogen separation without degradation;</p><p>➁ The innovation removes the need for gas cooling steps in hydrogen production processes like steam methane reforming and ammonia cracking, reducing system complexity and operational costs;</p><p>➂ Prototype membranes demonstrated stability at 1000K for over 100 hours, potentially enabling more efficient hydrogen purification for fuel applications and fusion energy systems.</p>