<p>➀ MIT engineers developed a palladium membrane with a 'plug' design embedded in porous material, enhancing thermal stability up to 1,000 kelvins; </p><p>➁ The innovation enables hydrogen separation in high-temperature applications like steam methane reforming and ammonia cracking, improving efficiency for zero-carbon fuel production; </p><p>➂ While promising for compact hydrogen generation, further industrial-scale testing is needed to validate long-term performance under extreme conditions.</p>