➀ Progress in single-mode VCSELs has been documented from 25Gbps rates to 106Gbps PAM4 rates by 2024, with transmission distances up to2km-5km; ➁ Broadcom and Finisar use multimode structures with varying transmission distances of 30m, 50m, and 100m; ➂ At OFC2024, an 800G optical module based on single-mode VCSEL was presented; ➃ ECOC2024 saw the development of a 1.6T CPO optical module with 16-channel design; ➄ The design structure remained similar to 2022 and 2023 with optimizations; ➅ A new design approach with no浮雕位错structures improved bandwidth and achieved single-mode control; ➆ A smaller oxidation aperture reduced RC constants, enhancing bandwidth; ➇ P-type electrodes formed a ring-shaped transverse cavity for PPR and single-mode resonance amplification; ➈ 1060nm VCSELs offer lower loss and smaller dispersion, beneficial for longer transmission distances; ➈ Tokyo Institute of Technology achieved a bandwidth of 33GHz at 9mA current, supporting 1.6T CPO module封装 and 2km transmission.