➀ The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences recognizes AI as a part of physics; ➁ Geoffrey Hinton and John Hopfield are awarded the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics for their foundational discoveries and inventions in machine learning through artificial neural networks; ➂ Hinton is a Canadian psychologist and computer scientist, known for his work on backpropagation algorithms and Boltzmann machines; ➃ Hopfield, a physicist, proposed the Hopfield Network, a model for associative memory that laid the groundwork for deep learning.