<p>➀ This study examines the impact of bead size and material on the performance of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs); </p><p>➁ Researchers developed granular-based TENGs using a simple assembly technique and close-packed polymer bead monolayers; </p><p>➂ The study found that incorporating smaller beads with higher Young's modulus enhances charge generation and TENG durability.</p>